Edinburgh landscape painter in oil and watercolour; occasional equine portraits. A reproduction of his drawing Arthur’s Seat and Salisbury Crags from the Braid Hill appeared in the Art Journal in 1894 together with six other Edinburgh drawings. An historically interesting view of St Andrews Old Course fetched over £13,000 in 2003. Exhibited fine, accurately detailed and representational landscapes at the Royal Academy 1880-1892, mostly winter scenes and at the Royal Scottish Academy 1871-1891.

Exhibited RSA (80), RSW (7), GI (19), AAS (1885-1898) an RI (1), Represented in Edinburgh City collection (3).